Abhijin Adiga
Research Associate Professor,
Biocomplexity Institute
University of Virginia

abhijin@virginia.edu
abhijin
[CV]

Welcome to my home page!

I develop computational frameworks to study complex systems that arise from large-scale interactions across domains such as infectious disease dynamics, socio-environmental resilience, agriculture, and social systems. My work draws on and contributes to network science, simulation modeling, algorithm design, and machine learning. Central to my research are the development of realistic synthetic datasets (like digital twins) and data-driven simulation models, the design of domain-informed algorithms, and the advancement of theoretical foundations underlying these complex systems.

Much of my work takes place in interdisciplinary team environments and has been supported by multiple funding agencies. I have led USDA- and USAID-funded projects that address real-world socio-technical challenges.

Research papers

  • Graph-Based Prediction of Spatio-Temporal Vaccine Hesitancy From Insurance Claims Data. Sifat Afroj Moon, Rituparna Datta, Tanvir Ferdousi, Hannah Baek, Abhijin Adiga, Achla Marathe and Anil Vullikanti. IEEE Access, 2025.

  • IGraSS: Learning to Identify Infrastructure Networks from Satellite Imagery by Iterative Graph-constrained Semantic Segmentation. Oishee Bintey Hoque, Abhijin Adiga, Aniruddha Adiga, Siddharth Chaudhary, Madhav V Marathe, SS Ravi, Kirti Rajagopalan, Amanda Wilson and Samarth Swarup. arXiv, 2025.

  • Knowledge-Informed Deep Learning for Irrigation Type Mapping from Remote Sensing. Oishee Bintey Hoque, Nibir Chandra Mandal, Abhijin Adiga, Samarth Swarup, Sayjro Kossi Nouwakpo, Amanda Wilson and Madhav Marathe. arXiv, 2025.

  • IrrMap: A Large-Scale Comprehensive Dataset for Irrigation Method Mapping. Nibir Chandra Mandal, Oishee Bintey Hoque, Abhijin Adiga, Samarth Swarup, Mandy Wilson, Lu Feng, Yangfeng Ji, Miaomiao Zhang, Geoffrey Fox and Madhav Marathe. arXiv, 2025.

  • A Unifying Information-theoretic Perspective on Evaluating Generative Models. Alexis Fox, Samarth Swarup and Abhijin Adiga. AAAI, 2025.

  • Novel multi-cluster workflow system to support real-time HPC-enabled epidemic science: Investigating the impact of vaccine acceptance on COVID-19 spread. Parantapa Bhattacharya, Dustin Machi, Jiangzhuo Chen, Stefan Hoops, Bryan Lewis, Henning Mortveit, Srinivasan Venkatramanan, Mandy L Wilson, Achla Marathe, Przemyslaw Porebski and others. Journal of Parallel and Distributed Computing, 2024.

  • Learning the topology and behavior of discrete dynamical systems. Zirou Qiu, Abhijin Adiga, Madhav V Marathe, SS Ravi, Daniel J Rosenkrantz, Richard E Stearns and Anil Vullikanti. AAAI, 2024.

  • IrrNet: Advancing Irrigation Mapping with Incremental Patch Size Training on Remote Sensing Imagery. Oishee Bintey Hoque, Samarth Swarup, Abhijin Adiga, Sayjro Kossi Nouwakpo and Madhav Marathe. CVPR Workshops, 2024.

  • Efficient PAC learnability of dynamical systems over multilayer networks. Zirou Qiu, Abhijin Adiga, Madhav V Marathe, SS Ravi, Daniel J Rosenkrantz, Richard E Stearns and Anil Vullikanti. arXiv, 2024.

  • Role of heterogeneity: National scale data-driven agent-based modeling for the US COVID-19 Scenario Modeling Hub. Jiangzhuo Chen, Parantapa Bhattacharya, Stefan Hoops, Dustin Machi, Abhijin Adiga, Henning Mortveit, Srinivasan Venkatramanan, Bryan Lewis and Madhav Marathe. Epidemics, 2024.

  • A High-Resolution, US-scale Digital Similar of Interacting Livestock, Wild Birds, and Human Ecosystems with Applications to Multi-host Epidemic Spread. Abhijin Adiga, Ayush Chopra, Mandy L Wilson, SS Ravi, Dawen Xie, Samarth Swarup, Bryan Lewis, John Barnes, Ramesh Raskar and Madhav V Marathe. arXiv, 2024.

  • Value-based Resource Matching with Fairness Criteria: Application to Agricultural Water Trading. Abhijin Adiga, Yohai Trabelsi, Tanvir Ferdousi, Madhav Marathe, SS Ravi, Samarth Swarup, Anil Kumar Vullikanti, Mandy L Wilson, Sarit Kraus, Reetwika Basu and others. AAMAS, 2024.

  • A Network-based Analytics Framework for High-Resolution Agent-based Epidemic Simulation Ensembles. Amro Alabsi Aljundi, Galen Harrison, Jiangzhuo Chen, Madhav V Marathe, Henning Mortveit, Anil Vullikanti and Abhijin Adiga. WSC, 2023.

  • Identifying Complicated Contagion Scenarios from Cascade Data. Galen Harrison, Amro Alabsi Aljundi, Jiangzhuo Chen, SS Ravi, Anil Kumar Vullikanti, Madhav V Marathe and Abhijin Adiga. KDD, 2023.

  • A Machine Learning Framework to Explain Complex Geospatial Simulations: A Climate Change Case Study. Tanvir Ferdousi, Abhijin Adiga, Mandy Wilson, SS Ravi, Anil Vullikanti, Madhav V Marathe, Samarth Swarup, Mingliang Liu, Kirti Rajagopalan and Jennifer Adam. WSC, 2023.

  • Reconstructing an epidemic outbreak using steiner connectivity. Ritwick Mishra, Jack Heavey, Gursharn Kaur, Abhijin Adiga and Anil Vullikanti. AAAI, 2023.

  • Resource sharing through multi-round matchings. Yohai Trabelsi, Abhijin Adiga, Sarit Kraus, SS Ravi and Daniel J Rosenkrantz. AAAI, 2023.

  • Data-driven scalable pipeline using national agent-based models for real-time pandemic response and decision support. Parantapa Bhattacharya, Jiangzhuo Chen, Stefan Hoops, Dustin Machi, Bryan Lewis, Srinivasan Venkatramanan, Mandy L Wilson, Brian Klahn, Aniruddha Adiga, Benjamin Hurt and others. The International Journal of High Performance Computing Applications, 2023.

  • Perturbative methods for mostly monotonic probabilistic satisfiability problems. Stephen Eubank, Madhurima Nath, Yihui Ren and Abhijin Adiga. arXiv, 2022.

  • Realistic commodity flow networks to assess vulnerability of food systems. Abhijin Adiga, Nicholas Palmer, Sanchit Sinha, Penina Waghalter, Aniruddha Dave, Daniel Perez Lazarte, Thierry Brévault, Andrea Apolloni, Henning Mortveit, Young Yun Baek and others. Complex Networks, 2022.

  • Network models and simulation analytics for multi-scale dynamics of biological invasions. Abhijin Adiga, Nicholas Palmer, Young Yun Baek, Henning Mortveit and SS Ravi. Frontiers in Big Data, 2022.

  • Maximizing Resource Allocation Likelihood with Minimum Compromise. Yohai Trabelsi, Abhijin Adiga, Sarit Kraus and SS Ravi. AAMAS, 2022.

  • Effective social network-based allocation of COVID-19 vaccines. Jiangzhuo Chen, Stefan Hoops, Achla Marathe, Henning Mortveit, Bryan Lewis, Srinivasan Venkatramanan, Arash Haddadan, Parantapa Bhattacharya, Abhijin Adiga, Anil Vullikanti and others. KDD, 2022.

  • Resource allocation to agents with restrictions: Maximizing likelihood with minimum compromise. Yohai Trabelsi, Abhijin Adiga, Sarit Kraus and SS Ravi. European Conference on Multi-Agent Systems, 2022.

  • Efficiently learning the topology and behavior of a networked dynamical system via active queries. Daniel J Rosenkrantz, Abhijin Adiga, Madhav Marathe, Zirou Qiu, SS Ravi, Richard Stearns and Anil Vullikanti. ICML, 2022.

  • Using active queries to infer symmetric node functions of graph dynamical systems. Abhijin Adiga, Chris J Kuhlman, Madhav V Marathe, SS Ravi, Daniel J Rosenkrantz and Richard E Stearns. Journal of Machine Learning Research, 2022.

  • Community detection using Moore-Shannon network reliability: application to food networks. Ritwick Mishra, Stephen Eubank, Madhurima Nath, Manu Amundsen and Abhijin Adiga. Complex Networks, 2022.

  • Thermal biology of Tuta absoluta: demographic parameters and facultative diapause. Mateus Ribeiro de Campos, Philippe Béarez, Edwige Amiens-Desneux, Luigi Ponti, Andrew Paul Gutierrez, Antonio Biondi, Abhijin Adiga and Nicolas Desneux. Journal of Pest Science, 2021.

  • AI-driven agent-based models to study the role of vaccine acceptance in controlling COVID-19 spread in the US. Parantapa Bhattacharya, Dustin Machi, Jiangzhuo Chen, Stefan Hoops, Bryan Lewis, Henning Mortveit, Srinivasan Venkatramanan, Mandy L Wilson, Achla Marathe, Przemyslaw Porebski and others. IEEE Big Data, 2021.

  • Guest Editorial: Special Issue on Emerging Trends in Modeling and Analysis of Complex Systems. Abhijin Adiga, SS Ravi and Anil Vullikanti. Journal of the Indian Institute of Science, 2021.

  • High performance agent-based modeling to study realistic contact tracing protocols. Stefan Hoops, Jiangzhuo Chen, Abhijin Adiga, Bryan Lewis, Henning Mortveit, Hannah Baek, Mandy Wilson, Dawen Xie, Samarth Swarup, Srinivasan Venkatramanan and others. WSC, 2021.

  • Prioritizing allocation of COVID-19 vaccines based on social contacts increases vaccination effectiveness. Jiangzhuo Chen, Stefan Hoops, Achla Marathe, Henning Mortveit, Bryan Lewis, Srinivasan Venkatramanan, Arash Haddadan, Parantapa Bhattacharya, Abhijin Adiga, Anil Vullikanti and others. MedRxiv, 2021.

  • Learning coalition-based interactions in networked social systems. Abhijin Adiga, Chris J Kuhlman, Madhav V Marathe, SS Ravi, Daniel J Rosenkrantz, Richard E Stearns and Anil Vullikanti. AAAI, 2020.

  • Networked experiments and modeling for producing collective identity in a group of human subjects using an iterative abduction framework. Vanessa Cedeno-Mieles, Zhihao Hu, Yihui Ren, Xinwei Deng, Abhijin Adiga, Christopher Barrett, Noshir Contractor, Saliya Ekanayake, Joshua M Epstein, Brian J Goode and others. Social Network Analysis and Mining, 2020.

  • Bounds and complexity results for learning coalition-based interaction functions in networked social systems. Abhijin Adiga, Chris Kuhlman, Madhav Marathe, S Ravi, Daniel Rosenkranz, Richard Stearns and Anil Vullikanti. AAAI, 2020.

  • Predicting the current and future distribution of the invasive weed Ageratina adenophora in the Chitwan--Annapurna Landscape, Nepal. Anju Sharma Poudel, Bharat Babu Shrestha, Mohan Dev Joshi, Rangaswamy Muniappan, Abhijin Adiga, Srinivasan Venkatramanan and Pramod Kumar Jha. Mountain Research and Development, 2020.

  • Boolean Games: Inferring Agents' Goals Using Taxation Queries. Abhijin Adiga, Sarit Kraus, Oleg Maksimov and S. S. Ravi. Proceedings of the Twenty-Ninth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence, 2020.

  • Modeling commodity flow in the context of invasive species spread: Study of Tuta absoluta in Nepal. S Venkatramanan, S Wu, B Shi, A Marathe, M Marathe, S Eubank, LP Sah, AP Giri, LA Colavito, KS Nitin and others. Crop Protection, 2020.

  • Assessing the multi-pathway threat from an invasive agricultural pest: Tuta absoluta in Asia. Joseph McNitt, Young Yun Chungbaek, Henning Mortveit, Madhav Marathe, Mateus R Campos, Nicolas Desneux, Thierry Brévault, Rangaswamy Muniappan and Abhijin Adiga. Proceedings of the Royal Society B, 2019.

  • Validating agent-based models of large networked systems. Abhijin Adiga, Chris Barrett, Stephen Eubank, Chris J Kuhlman, Madhav V Marathe, Henning Mortveit, SS Ravi, Daniel J Rosenkrantz, Richard E Stearns, Samarth Swarup and others. WSC, 2019.

  • On the modeling and agent-based simulation of a cooperative group anagram game. Zhihao Hu, Xinwei Deng, Brian J Goode, Naren Ramakrishnan, Parang Saraf, Nathan Self, Abhijin Adiga, Gizem Korkmaz, Chris J Kuhlman, Dustin Machi and others. WSC, 2019.

  • Mechanistic and data-driven agent-based models to explain human behavior in online networked group anagram games. Vanessa Cedeno-Mieles, Zhihao Hu, Xinwei Deng, Yihui Ren, Abhijin Adiga, Christopher Barrett, Saliya Ekanayake, Gizem Korkmaz, Chris J Kuhlman, Dustin Machi and others. Proceedings of the 2019 IEEE/ACM International Conference on Advances in Social Networks Analysis and Mining, 2019.

  • Learning everywhere: Pervasive machine learning for effective high-performance computation. Geoffrey Fox, James A Glazier, JCS Kadupitiya, Vikram Jadhao, Minje Kim, Judy Qiu, James P Sluka, Endre Somogyi, Madhav Marathe, Abhijin Adiga and others. 2019 IEEE International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium Workshops (IPDPSW), 2019.

  • Predicting suitable habitat of an invasive weed Parthenium hysterophorus under future climate scenarios in Chitwan Annapurna Landscape, Nepal. Seerjana Maharjan, Bharat Babu Shrestha, Mohan Dev Joshi, Anjana Devkota, Rangaswamy Muniappan, Abhijin Adiga and Pramod Kumar Jha. Journal of Mountain Science, 2019.

  • PAC learnability of node functions in networked dynamical systems. Abhijin Adiga, Chris J Kuhlman, Madhav Marathe, S Ravi and Anil Vullikanti. ICML, 2019.

  • Graphical dynamical systems and their applications to bio-social systems. Abhijin Adiga, Chris J Kuhlman, Madhav V Marathe, Henning S Mortveit, SS Ravi and Anil Vullikanti. International Journal of Advances in Engineering Sciences and Applied Mathematics, 2019.

  • Using Active Queries to Learn Local Stochastic Behaviors in Social Networks. Abhijin Adiga, Chris J Kuhlman, Madhav V Marathe, SS Ravi, Daniel J Rosenkrantz and Richard E Stearns. Complex Networks, 2019.

  • Using network reliability to understand international food trade dynamics. Madhurima Nath, Srinivasan Venkatramanan, Bryan Kaperick, Stephen Eubank, Madhav V Marathe, Achla Marathe and Abhijin Adiga. Complex Networks, 2019.

  • Pest risk assessment of the fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda in Egypt. EA Heinrichs, J Sidhu, R Muniappan, A Fayad, A Adiga, A Marathe, J Mcnitt and S Venkatramanan. Feed the Future. The US Government’s Global Hunger and Food Security Initiative, 2018.

  • Disparities in spread and control of influenza in slums of Delhi: findings from an agent-based modelling study. Abhijin Adiga, Shuyu Chu, Stephen Eubank, Christopher J Kuhlman, Bryan Lewis, Achla Marathe, Madhav Marathe, Eric K Nordberg, Samarth Swarup, Anil Vullikanti and others. BMJ open, 2018.

  • Inferring users' choice functions in networked social systems through active queries. Abhijin Adiga, C Kuhlman, M Marathe, S Ravi, D Rosenkrantz and D Stearns. The 7th International Workshop on Computational Social Choice (COMSOC-2018), 2018.

  • Inferring probabilistic contagion models over networks using active queries. Abhijin Adiga, Vanessa Cedeno-Mieles, Chris J Kuhlman, Madhav V Marathe, SS Ravi, Daniel J Rosenkrantz and Richard E Stearns. CIKM, 2018.

  • Learning the behavior of a dynamical system via a “20 questions” approach. Abhijin Adiga, Chris Kuhlman, Madhav Marathe, Ravi SS, Daniel Rosenkrantz and Richard Stearns. AAAI, 2018.

  • Sublinear approximation algorithms for boxicity and related problems. Abhijin Adiga, Jasine Babu and L Sunil Chandran. Discrete Applied Mathematics, 2018.

  • Inferring local transition functions of discrete dynamical systems from observations of system behavior. Abhijin Adiga, Chris J Kuhlman, Madhav V Marathe, SS Ravi, Daniel J Rosenkrantz and Richard E Stearns. Theoretical Computer Science, 2017.

  • Activity in Boolean networks. Abhijin Adiga, Hilton Galyean, Chris J Kuhlman, Michael Levet, Henning S Mortveit and Sichao Wu. Natural Computing, 2017.

  • A k-Median Based Online Algorithm for the Stochastic k-Server Problem. Abhijin Adiga, Alexander D Friedman and Sharath Raghvendra. International Workshop on Approximation and Online Algorithms, 2017.

  • Towards robust models of food flows and their role in invasive species spread. Srinivasan Venkatramanan, Sichao Wu, Bowen Shi, Achla Marathe, Madhav Marathe, Stephen Eubank, Lalit P Sah, AP Giri, Luke A Colavito, KS Nitin and others. IEEE Big Data, 2017.

  • Monitoring the spread and management of Tuta absoluta. Amer Fayad and Abhijin Adiga. Current Science (00113891), 2017.

  • From the Western Palaearctic region to beyond: Tuta absoluta 10 years after invading Europe. Mateus R Campos, Antonio Biondi, Abhijin Adiga, Raul NC Guedes and Nicolas Desneux. Journal of Pest Science, 2017.

  • To delay or not: temporal vaccination games on networks. Abhijin Adiga, Srini Venkat and Anil Vullikanti. INFOCOM, 2016.

  • Near-optimal algorithms for controlling propagation at group scale on networks. Yao Zhang, Abhijin Adiga, Sudip Saha, Anil Vullikanti and B Aditya Prakash. IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering, 2016.

  • Towards an integrated network-based approach to modeling the dynamics of invasive plant pests. Srinivasan Venkatramanan, Abhijin Adiga, Achla Marathe, Stephen Eubank, Madhav Marathe and Rangaswamy Muniappan. KDD’2016 Workshop on Data Science for Food, Energy and Water (DS-FEW), 2016.

  • Temporal vaccination games under resource constraints. Abhijin Adiga and Anil Vullikanti. AAAI, 2016.

  • Approximation algorithms for reducing the spectral radius to control epidemic spread. Sudip Saha, Abhijin Adiga, B Aditya Prakash and Anil Kumar S Vullikanti. ICDM, 2015.

  • Effect of graph structure on the limit sets of threshold dynamical systems. Abhijin Adiga, Chris J Kuhlman, Henning S Mortveit and Sichao Wu. Cellular Automata and Discrete Complex Systems: 21st IFIP WG 1.5 International Workshop, AUTOMATA 2015, Turku, Finland, June 8-10, 2015. Proceedings 21, 2015.

  • Generating a synthetic population of the United States. Abhijin Adiga, Aditya Agashe, Shaikh Arifuzzaman, Christopher L Barrett, Richard J Beckman, Keith R Bisset, Jiangzhuo Chen, Youngyun Chungbaek, Stephen G Eubank, Sandeep Gupta and others. Network Dynamics and Simulation Science Laboratory, Tech. Rep. NDSSL, 2015.

  • Network structure and activity in Boolean networks. Abhijin Adiga, Hilton Galyean, Chris J Kuhlman, Michael Levet, Henning S Mortveit and Sichao Wu. Cellular Automata and Discrete Complex Systems: 21st IFIP WG 1.5 International Workshop, AUTOMATA 2015, Turku, Finland, June 8-10, 2015. Proceedings 21, 2015.

  • Complexity of inferring local transition functions of discrete dynamical systems. Abhijin Adiga, Chris J Kuhlman, Madhav V Marathe, SS Ravi, Daniel J Rosenkrantz and Richard E Stearns. Implementation and Application of Automata: 20th International Conference, CIAA 2015, Ume{\aa}, Sweden, August 18-21, 2015, Proceedings 20, 2015.

  • Controlling propagation at group scale on networks. Yao Zhang, Abhijin Adiga, Anil Vullikanti and B Aditya Prakash. ICDM, 2015.

  • Synthetic populations for epidemic modeling. Abhijin Adiga, Richard Beckman, Keith Bisset, Jiangzhuo Chen, Youngyun Chungbaek, Stephen Eubank, HS Marathe, E Nordberg, C Rivers, P Stretz and others. Proceedings of the International Conference on Computation and Social Sciences (ICCSS), Helsinki, Finland, 2015.

  • Lower bounds for boxicity. Abhijin Adiga, L Sunil Chandran and Naveen Sivadasan. Combinatorica, 2014.

  • Limit cycle structure for dynamic bi-threshold systems. Sichao Wu, Abhijin Adiga and Henning S Mortveit. Theoretical Computer Science, 2014.

  • Representing a cubic graph as the intersection graph of axis-parallel boxes in three dimensions. Abhijin Adiga and L Sunil Chandran. SIAM Journal on Discrete Mathematics, 2014.

  • A constant factor approximation algorithm for boxicity of circular arc graphs. Abhijin Adiga, Jasine Babu and L Sunil Chandran. Discrete Applied Mathematics, 2014.

  • Sensitivity of diffusion dynamics to network uncertainty. Abhijin Adiga, Chris J Kuhlman, Henning S Mortveit and Anil Kumar S Vullikanti. Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research, 2014.

  • Cubicity, degeneracy, and crossing number. Abhijin Adiga, L Sunil Chandran and Rogers Mathew. European Journal of Combinatorics, 2014.

  • Equilibria in epidemic containment games. Sudip Saha, Abhijin Adiga and Anil Vullikanti. AAAI, 2014.

  • Subgraph enumeration in dynamic graphs. Abhijin Adiga, Anil Kumar S Vullikanti and Dante Wiggins. ICDM, 2013.

  • Modeling urban transportation in the aftermath of a nuclear disaster: The role of human behavioral responses. Abhijin Adiga, Madhav Marathe, Henning Mortveit, Sichao Wu and Samarth Swarup. The Conference on Agent-Based Modeling in Transportation Planning and Operations, Blacksburg, VA, 2013.

  • How robust is the core of a network?. Abhijin Adiga and Anil Kumar S Vullikanti. PKDD, 2013.

  • Route stability in large-scale transportation systems. Abhijin Adiga, Henning S Mortveit and Sichao Wu. The Workshop on Multiagent Interaction Networks (MAIN), held in conjunction with AAMAS, 2013.

  • Polynomial time and parameterized approximation algorithms for boxicity. Abhijin Adiga, Jasine Babu and L Sunil Chandran. International Symposium on Parameterized and Exact Computation, 2012.

  • Representing a cubic graph as the intersection graph of axis-parallel boxes in three dimensions. Abhijin Adiga and Sunil L Chandran. Proceedings of the twenty-eighth annual symposium on Computational geometry, 2012.

  • Boxicity and poset dimension. Abhijin Adiga, Diptendu Bhowmick and L Sunil Chandran. SIAM Journal on Discrete Mathematics, 2011.

  • Parameterized algorithms for boxicity. Abhijin Adiga, Rajesh Chitnis and Saket Saurabh. International Symposium on Algorithms and Computation, 2010.

  • The hardness of approximating the boxicity, cubicity and threshold dimension of a graph. Abhijin Adiga, Diptendu Bhowmick and L Sunil Chandran. Discrete applied mathematics, 2010.

  • Computing with cells: membrane systems. Abhijin Adiga, Diptendu Bhowmick and L Sunil Chandran. Proceedings of the 16th annual international conference on Computing and combinatorics, 2010.

  • Boxicity and poset dimension. Abhijin Adiga, Diptendu Bhowmick and L Sunil Chandran. International Computing and Combinatorics Conference, 2010.

  • Cubicity of interval graphs and the claw number. Abhijin Adiga and L Sunil Chandran. Journal of Graph Theory, 2010.

  • Cubicity of interval graphs and the claw number. Abhijin Adiga and L Sunil Chandran. Electronic Notes in Discrete Mathematics, 2009.

  • Cubicity of threshold graphs. and Abhijin Adiga. Discrete mathematics, 2009.

  • A design and implementation of orthonormal symmetric wavelet transform using PRCC filter banks. Abhijin Adiga, Kalpathi R Ramakrishnan and BS Adiga. ICASSP, 2003.